Effectiveness of a Multi-Component Pharmacist-Led Intervention on MA and HRQoL in Indian Patients with Chronic Diseases: A Quasi-Experimental Study (Research Article)

Author(s): Priyanka D* and Ashok Kumar K

Abstract: Background: Non-adherence to medication is a major barrier to achieving optimal health outcomes in chronic diseases. This study evaluated the effectiveness of a multi-component, pharmacist-led intervention in improving medication adherence and Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) among patients with diabetes and/or hypertension in India. Methods: A quasi-experimental pre-post design was employed. A subset of 120 participants with low adherence (MMAS-8 score <6) were recruited from a larger cross-sectional study. The intervention, delivered over 9 months, included patient education, digital reminders, and personalized counseling. Adherence (MMAS-8) and HRQoL (SF-36 PCS/MCS, WHOQOL-BREF) were measured at baseline, 3, 6, and 9 months. A control group (n=98) received standard care. Results: Of the 120 participants in the intervention group, 105 completed the 9-month follow-up. The intervention group showed significant improvements in adherence (MMAS-8 score increased from 4.2 ± 1.2 to 6.8 ± 1.2, p < 0.001). Significant improvements were also observed in PCS (46.2 ± 18.4 to 60.2 ± 16.2, p < 0.001), MCS (50.4 ± 19.2 to 62.4 ± 17.2, p < 0.001), and WHOQOL-BREF overall scores (48.6 ± 16.8 to 58.6 ± 15.4, p < 0.001). At 9 months, the intervention group demonstrated significantly better outcomes compared to the control group across all measures (p < 0.001 for all). Conclusions: The multi-component, pharmacist-led intervention was highly effective in improving both medication adherence and HRQoL in patients with chronic conditions. These findings support the integration of clinical pharmacists into chronic disease management teams in India to improve patient outcomes.

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