Phytochemical Profiling and Antibacterial Activity of Curcuma amada, Piper betle, and Piper nigrum Against Pathogenic Bacteria (Research Article)

Author(s): Lakkineti Mrudhula, Srinivasan Kameswaran*, Battana Swapna and M. Ramakrishna

Abstract: The rapid emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a major global health challenge, necessitating the exploration of alternative antimicrobial agents from natural sources. This study investigates the phytochemical composition and antibacterial efficacy of three traditionally used medicinal plants Curcuma amada, Piper betle, and Piper nigrum. Methanol and acetone extracts were prepared and evaluated against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus spp., and Bacillus spp. using agar diffusion assays. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, tannins, and flavonoids, while terpenoids and reducing sugars varied across extracts (L232). Antibacterial activity showed that methanol extracts exhibited stronger inhibition against Bacillus spp., whereas acetone extracts of C. amada demonstrated maximum inhibition against E. coli (L240). These findings support the potential of these plants as eco-friendly antibacterial agents and highlight their relevance in combating antibiotic-resistant pathogens.

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