A Systematic Study on The Production of Bioethanol Using Cellulosic Fungi (Review Article)

Author(s): Archita Mehta and Hemanga Kumar Das*

Abstract: The major concern for the development of renewable and sustainable energy source is to replace the non-renewable fossil fuels which had a very bad impact on environment and health causing severe issues. The use of cellulase enzymes finds an application to the solution for such a major problem. Cellulase is a hydrolytic enzyme which breaks down cellulose to glucose units. Cellulase enzymes are mainly used in many industries such as food, beverages, textile, pulp, paper and biofuel. The major components of cellulase enzyme system are endoglucanse, exoglucanase and β-glycosidase which convert lignocellulosic biomass to fermentable sugar. So, both saccharification and fermentation steps occur simultaneously by sub-merged fermentation (smf) with the use of mesophilic fungal strain. The isolation of fungal strain producing ethanol are carried out from paddy straw, water hyacinth, ipomea and spathodeaum. Initial selection is made on the basis of strain which has the ability to produce those enzymes. So, by this potential isolate from the strains may be applied for bioethanol production. The mentioned process for bioethanol production may be cheap, however, it may be also affected by different environmental factors such as temperature, pH, incubation time, carbon and nitrogen source.

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