Molecular Mechanism of Induction of Apoptosis by Garcinol, A Poly-Isoprenylated Benzophenone in HEPG2 Cells (Research Article)

Author(s): Lakshmi. S*, Shehna Sharaf, Athira Venugopal, Liz Thomas, A. Jayakumaran Nair

Abstract: Aim: The analysis aims to identify and collate the molecular mechanism underlying apoptosis for concealing and development of novel molecule. Methodology: HEPG2 and 3T3-L1 cell lines were treated with SAHA and Garcinol at different concentrations were concealed for cytotoxicity by MTT assay, Morphological features of apoptosis induced on cells were observed by Acridine orange-Ethidium bromide dual staining and Hoechst staining, Cell cycle analysis and Annexin V expression for apoptosis by Flow cytometry. Result: The study revealed strong data for the significant cytotoxicity induced by Garcinol, further explored as potential compound for reducing proliferation of HEPG2 cells, sparing the normal 3T3L1 cells. The morphological and internal changes induced by the Garcinol on HEPG2 confirm that the cytotoxicity induced by the compound ultimately promote apoptotic signals eventually leading to cell death. This supports the quantitative data obtained through the Annexin V expression studies by flow cytometry. From the study it was observed that the anti-cancer effects of the compound Garcinol is significantly comparable with SAHA. Conclusion: The results conclude the anticancer activity of Garcinol with negligible cytotoxicity to normal cells and effective to HEPG2. Garcinol reduced cell proliferation by causing significant S phase arrest in the cell cycle and induce apoptosis in HEPG2 cells as evidenced by the microscopic observations. Garcinol has significant positive result for Annexin V expression in cancer cells which proved apoptosis as the mechanism of cell death. So further studies will be very promising on the compound, Garcinol or its derivatives which can be further exploited as specific anticancer agents.

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