Azelaic Acid Attenuates Ethanol-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Experimental Rats

Author(s): Senbagarani Renganathan, Aktarul Islam Siddique, Ananthi Nagappan, Rajagopal Ayyanar and Nalini Namasivayam*

Abstract: Alcohol abuse or prolonged consumption of alcohol leads to alcoholic liver disease. Alcoholic liver disease is the spectrum of liver injury starting from steatosis to liver cancer. The goal of this study was to investigate the effect of azelaic acid on ethanol induced liver toxicity in experimental rats. Materials and methods: Rats were divided into six groups. Group 1 rats received isocaloric glucose. Group 2 rats received isocaloric glucose and azelaic acid (80 mg/kg b.w). Group 3 rats received ethanol alone (5g/kg b.w). Group 4-6 rats received ethanol and different doses of azelaic acid (20, 40 or 80 mg/kg.b.w). Key findings: The ethanol treated rats showed significantly elevated activities of liver marker enzymes such as AST, ALT, ALP, GGT. The lipid peroxidation markers such as lipid hydroperoxides, conjugated dienes and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances were significantly elevated as compared to the control. The liver alcohol metabolizing enzyme such as the activity alcohol dehydrogenase activity was elevated while the activity of aldehyde dehydrogenase was reduced. In addition, the antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, glutathione-S-transferase, reduced glutathione, vitamin C and vitamin E showed decreased activities/levels. Azelaic acid supplementation reduced the levels of ethanol-induced lipid peroxidation, optimized the antioxidant status, increased the activity of aldehyde dehydrogenase enzyme and cleared the blood acetaldehyde levels in the serum. Conclusion: This study reveals that azelaic acid protects the liver against ethanol induced toxicity.

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