Electrospun Polycaprolactone Fibers Loaded with Naringin for Bone Tissue Engineering: Effect of Polycaprolactone and Naringin Concentrations on Cumulative Naringin Release

Author(s): Ranjith Ramanujam, Balraj Sundaram, Ganesh Janarthanan and M. C. John Milton*

Abstract: Electrospun fibers with tunable structural and drug delivery ability have attracted increasing attention in various biomedical applications, especially in tissue engineering. Naringin, flavanone glycoside having excellent osteogenic and pro-angiogenic properties which is highly desired for bone regeneration. In this study, naringin loaded polycaprolactone fibers were fabricated with different concentrations of polycaprolactone and naringin. The scanning electron microscopy results showed that increasing polycaprolactone concentrations increased fiber diameters. Also, varying concentrations of naringin showed an additional increase in fiber diameter compared to control. Further, drug release study showed an increased cumulative naringin release with increasing fiber diameters for 12 days. X-ray diffraction analysis indicated amorphization of naringin in fibrous mats. Also, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis confirmed naringin was not chemically altered during fabrication process. Furthermore, osteogenic potential of naringin loaded polycaprolactone fibers was evaluated with C3H10T1/2 cell line for 12 days. von Kossa and picrosirius red staining suggested an increased calcium and collagen matrix formation respectively in naringin loaded polycaprolactone fibers. These results suggest that increasing naringin concentrations, increases fiber diameter and consequently cumulative release of naringin. Hence, varying polycaprolactone and naringin concentrations could act as a tool to alter cumulative naringin release within advantageous ranges for bone tissue engineering applications.

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