Screening and Evaluation of Bioactivity of Methanolic Extract of Leaf of Putranjiva roxburghii Wall. (Putranjivaceae)

Author(s): Sudha Bai R* and Sarath P

Abstract: The medicinal tree species, Putranjiva roxburghii Wall. is traditionally used in treatment of ailments and has a prominent role in Ayurvedic and Unani medications. The seeds (putrajeevak beej) and leaves are reported to have anti sterility and hypoglycemic potential. The present study is aimed at evaluation of bioactivity of the methanolic extract of leaves of P. roxburghii Wall. using various in vitro assays. The antioxidant capacity was screened by DPPH and ferric reducing power assays. Both assays indicated strong antioxidant potential of the extract in comparison to ascorbic acid and 91.33% scavenging of DPPH was evident. For antimicrobial screening, the extract was challenged for its efficacy against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans, over a concentration range – 250 – 1000 mg/ml and the diameter of inhibition zone (IZ) in culture plates were measured. A. niger was monitored as the most sensitive strain showing 16 mm IZ. The cytotoxic effect of the extract was determined by MTT assay using L929 fibroblast cells for 6.25 – 100 μg/ml concentration and LC50 value was recorded as 211.776 μg/ml. Anti-inflammatory property of the extract was assayed using RAW 264.7 cell lines by analyzing the ability to inhibit cyclooxygenase (COX), 5-lipoxygenase (LOX), myeloperoxidase (MPO) and by estimating the reduction in levels of cellular nitrites and inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase (iNOS), over a concentration range 25 – 100 μg/ml. The screening tests suggested that the extract at 100 μg/ml has good anti-inflammatory activity in relation to the standard drug- Diclofenac sodium. The results of assays on bioactivity concluded that the leaf extract has antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory properties and supported validly its traditional use as medicine.

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