Formulation, Characterization and Comparison of Cefixime, Cefaclor and Cefdinir Microspheres (Research Article)

Author(s): Y. Manjula Devi, V. Saleem Basha and G. Sailaja

Abstract: The purpose of this research work is to increase and compare the residence time of drugs Cefixime, Cefaclor and Cefdinir by formulating as floating microspheres and to study the effect of formulation variables on microsphere characteristics. Microspheres are prepared by solvent evaporation method. For each drug nine different formulations are prepared by changing drug to polymer ratio, volume of internal phase, volume of external phase and stirring time. The prepared microspheres are characterized for drug - polymer compatibility by IR, percentage yield, particle size analysis, drug entrapment efficiency, and surface morphology by SEM, bulk density, percentage buoyancy, in-vitro release and release kinetic studies. Results of these evaluations showed that particle size in the range of 102.5±1.3 μm to 110.0±2.21 μm, 100.8±1.6 μm to 106.2±1.3μm and 102.1±1.3μm to 108.6±1.7 μm, entrapment efficiency is found to be 75.69±1.91 to 88.35±2.67%, 75.72±1.94 to 92.02±1.07% and 75.69±1.91 to 89.45±1.63%, drug content is found to be in the range 97.46±2.4 to 98.95±1.8,. 95.55±1.4 to 99.92±2.67 and 96.89±2.1 to 99.11±2.1 respectively. Fourier-Transform Infra-Red (FT-IR) studies ensured that no drug - polymer interaction in the formulated microspheres and the surface topography revealed a spherical surface for all the formulations and a round cavity enclosed by an outer shell composed of the drug and polymer. In- vitro release profile of microspheres for F6, F14 and F23 formulations are found to be 97.87±0.22, 98.45±0.47 and 99.87±0.36 at the end of 12hrs. In release kinetic studies, the F6, F14 formulations followed zero order and F23 formulation followed first order drug release with non-Fickian diffusion mechanism.

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